Which logical fallacy involves attacking the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself?

Ad Hominem. Ad hominem translates to 'against the man' and is a tactic to discredit an argument by attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making the argument.

If all 'Snaps' are 'Crackles', and all 'Crackles' are 'Pops', which of the following statements must be true?

All 'Snaps' are 'Pops'. This is a classic syllogism. Since the set of 'Snaps' is contained entirely within the set of 'Crackles', and the set of 'Crackles' is contained entirely within the set of 'Pops', all 'Snaps' must necessarily be 'Pops'.

What is the capital city of Australia?

Canberra. The capital of Australia is Canberra, not the more populous cities of Sydney or Melbourne.

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values is known as:

Confirmation Bias. Confirmation bias leads individuals to selectively process information that validates their existing opinions, making objective critical analysis difficult.

A student argues against mandatory school uniforms by saying, 'If we allow uniforms, next they'll tell us what color socks to wear, then they’ll dictate our haircut, and soon we'll have no personal freedom left!' This is an example of which fallacy?

Slippery Slope. The Slippery Slope fallacy asserts that a relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related, usually negative, consequences without providing evidence for the inevitability.

What is the largest internal organ in the human body?

Liver. The largest organ overall is the skin, but the largest internal organ is the liver.

Deductive reasoning moves from general premises to specific conclusions. Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?

All mammals are warm-blooded. A dog is a mammal. Therefore, a dog is warm-blooded.. Deductive reasoning (C) guarantees the conclusion if the premises are true. Options A and B are inductive (generalizing from specific observations). Option D is an inference, but not a guaranteed deduction.

The phrase 'correlation does not imply causation' means:

Just because two variables are related does not mean one causes the other.. It is a fundamental principle of critical thinking and statistics: correlation simply means two things happen together, but one might not be the direct cause of the other (e.g., they could both be caused by a third factor).

Who is generally credited with inventing the printing press with movable type in Europe around 1440?

Johannes Gutenberg. Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized communication and literacy in Europe with his invention.

In formal logic, what is an unstated premise or assumption that an argument relies upon to be valid?

Warrant. In the Toulmin model and other forms of argumentation, the warrant is the often-unstated logical link or assumption that justifies connecting the evidence (data) to the final claim (conclusion).

Which of the following bodies is the primary organ responsible for maintaining international peace and security within the United Nations?

The Security Council. The UN Security Council has the power to establish peacekeeping operations, enact international sanctions, and authorize military action.

If a government official states, 'You must either support my new tax plan entirely, or you are supporting economic collapse,' they are employing which logical fallacy?

False Dichotomy (Black-or-White Fallacy). A False Dichotomy limits the options to only two extremes when, in fact, more possibilities or middle ground options exist.

What is the measurement unit for electrical resistance?

Ohm. Electrical resistance is measured in Ohms (Ω), named after Georg Simon Ohm.

A sound argument is defined as one that is:

Both valid and has true premises.. In formal logic, a 'valid' argument is structured correctly (the conclusion follows from the premises). A 'sound' argument is both valid AND its premises are factually true.

Which continent is the only one to span all four hemispheres (North, South, East, and West)?

Africa. Africa is the only continent that straddles the Prime Meridian (East/West) and the Equator (North/South).

If a necessary condition for 'X' is 'Y', then:

If 'X' is present, 'Y' must also be present.. A necessary condition (Y) is one that MUST be met for the event (X) to occur. However, Y alone may not be enough to cause X (it is not a sufficient condition).

Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

Michelangelo. Michelangelo (Buonarroti) painted the famous ceiling frescoes, including 'The Creation of Adam'.

If a study shows that ice cream sales and shark attacks increase simultaneously in July, inferring that buying ice cream causes shark attacks is an error based on:

Mistaking correlation for causation. Both increases are likely caused by a confounding variable: summer heat. This is the classic example of confusing correlation (they happen together) with causation (one makes the other happen).

What is the economic term for the persistent rise in the general price level of goods and services over a period of time, resulting in a decline in the purchasing power of money?

Inflation. Inflation is the sustained increase in prices, leading money to buy less than it did previously.

In rhetoric, a 'Straw Man' fallacy occurs when someone:

Misrepresents or exaggerates an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.. The Straw Man fallacy involves creating a distorted, weaker version of the opponent's argument (the 'straw man') and defeating that easy target, pretending they defeated the real argument.

What year is generally accepted as the end of World War II, marked by the surrender of Japan?

1945. WWII ended with V-J Day (Victory over Japan) in September 1945.

When critically evaluating a source's credibility, the acronym CRAAP stands for Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and P—what does P stand for?

Purpose. The CRAAP test is a common set of questions used to evaluate information quality. P stands for Purpose (Why was the information created?).

The process of consciously monitoring and correcting one's own thinking process while reasoning is called:

Meta-cognition. Meta-cognition is 'thinking about thinking,' or the higher-order cognitive skill of reflecting on and regulating one's own learning and thought processes.

Who authored the dystopian novel 'Nineteen Eighty-Four'?

George Orwell. George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair) published 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' in 1949.

Which term describes a political system where power is divided between a national (federal) government and local (state/provincial) governments?

Federal System. A Federal System (or Federation) is characterized by a constitutional division of powers between two levels of government that share sovereignty.

QuizKnowledge

How Sharp is Your Mind? Critical Thinking & GK Challenge

Challenge your analytical skills with 25 questions combining logical deduction, fallacy identification, and essential general knowledge facts.

25 Questions•20 Mins•Medium